Dr. Malawer ................... National Security Law ...... Dr. Malawer ........... Fall 2009  .............. National Security Law .........Dr. Malawer ................... National Security Law ......... Dr. Malawer ................... National Security Law ........                                      

                                        [ Website for course is at www.NationalSecurityLaw.net -- Click for Home Page ]

                                         "National Security Law -- Law & Policy Issues" -- Dr. Stuart Malawer.

                                                                            ASSIGNMENTS -- CLASS SCHEDULE.

[Assignments are from Stuart Malawer, U.S. National Security Law -- Sourcebook of  Cases, Laws, Treaties & Documents (Hein & Co., 2009)]

       

          U.S. National Security Law (2009).

 

• Class One -- Introduction to National Security Studies -- Law,  Diplomacy  &  Foreign Policy.

                                       -- Background & Overview -- 

   

  • President Obama's National Security Strategy (May 2010).
  • National Security Speech by President Obama at the National Archives (May 21, 2009) 
  •  --- "New Era of Engagement " -- Speech by President Obama to the U.N. (Sept. 23, 2009).
  • "Shared Interests, Responsibilities  & Obligations." Washington Post (Nov. 2, 2009).
  • Hilary Clinton, Foreign Policy -- New Architecture of Cooperation (Dept. of State July 15, 2009).
  • "Global Trends 2025 -- A Transformed World." (National Intelligence Council, 2008) (Executive Summary).  Malawer  933- 944. (Report).
  • Project on National Security Reform  (Preliminary Findings) (2008). Malawer 925-931(Report)
  • "Goodbye to Hegemony." Malawer 1135.
  • Dean Rusk, "Diplomacy & Foreign Policy -- The President." (Foreign Affairs 1960).
  • "Summary of National Security Legislation (2008)." Malawer 108-128.
  •   U.S.  Constitution (edited). Malawer  6-10. 

   

• Class Two -- Constitutional Framework -- Separation of Powers, Federalism  & Foreign Affairs.

                               -- Separation of Powers --

  • United States v. Curtis-Wright Export Corp. (S. Ct. 1936). ("Separation of Powers ... "Delegation of Authority ... Foreign / Domestic Powers.... Role of Executive ...'One Voice' "). Malawer 10-17.
  • Youngstown Case (S. Ct. 1952) (delegation of authority & categories of executive action). Malawer 18-25.
  • Consumers Union v. Kissinger (DC. Cir. 1974). ("Separation of Powers .... Congressional Authority .... Delegation of Legislative Power.... Executive Action ....Voluntary Restraint Arrangements"). Malawer 26-31.

                                     -- Federalism --

  • Burma Trade Sanctions Case (S. Ct. 2000).  ("Federalism ... Implied Preemption"). Malawer 32-42.
    • State Trade Sanctions -- PowerPoint  (Malawer 2009).
  • Holocaust Claims Case. (S. Ct. 2003).  ("Federalism ... Implied Preemption") (Article VI "Supremacy Clause").
  • Wash. State Tanker Case  (S. Ct. 2000).  ("Federalism ... Preemption").
  • Japan Line, Ltd.  v. County of Los Angeles (S. Ct. 1979).  ("Federalism ... Foreign Commerce Clause ... County Taxation").

• Class Three --  Constitutional Framework -- Customary International Law, Treaties & International Law in U.S. Courts.  

• Paquette Habana 175 U.S. 677 (1900) (customary international law as law of the land). Malawer 43-54.
• Filartiga v. Pena-Irala (2d Cir. 1980) (customary international law & torture). Malawer 54-59.

•   Mo. v. Holland (S. Ct. 1920) (supremacy of treaties).  Malawer 60-62.

•        Update -- The Supreme Court ruled that the ICJ judgment (Avena) under the Statute of  the ICJ (Article 36) and Article 1 (Compulsory Jurisdiction) Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) did not become domestic law within the U.S. This is because the Optional Protocol is non-self-executing. Congress needs to enact implementing legislation. The President does not have law-making authority to declare a treaty binding on states.  His actions fall within Justice Jackson's third category -- a Presidential action is invalid when it is contra to Congressional intent.  (The intent is inferred from Congressional inaction to passage of implementing legislation.) This is the situation even thought the U.S. might be in violation of its international obligations due to the operation of the principles of  separation of powers and federalism. This case involves issues of foreign policy, international relations and international law. "Justices Rule Against Bush on Death Penalty Case."  New York Times (March 25, 2008). Medellin v. Texas (S. Ct. , Syllabus, March 25, 2008). Medellin v. Texas (2008) (Edited). Malawer 98-105.

                                             -- Role of  International Law in U.S. Courts --

• * "International Law,  Foreign Law & the Supreme Court." (Speech by Attorney General Gonzales, U.S. Dept. of Justice, November 9, 2005). Malawer 448-464.
• "Supreme Court, International Law & President Bush." Malawer 465-467.

                                                 -- President, Foreign Policy and International Law --

•  
• "Jack Goldsmith -- Conscience of a Conservative." New York Times Magazine (9.9.07) ("Commander-in-Chief" power).
• "When Judges Make Foreign Policy." New York Times (Sept. 28, 2008).
• * Chertoff, "Sovereignty Under International Law." Foreign Affairs (Jan.  / Feb. 2009).

           -- Recent Supreme Court Cases --

• "Summary of Six  S. Ct. Cases."  Malawer 2-5.

• "Summary of National Security Statutes." Malawer 108-128.

• Rasul v. Bush (S. Ct. June 2004). Malawer 63-67.

• Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. (S. Ct. June 2004). Malawer 68-72.

• Rumsfeld v. Padilla. (S. Ct. June 2004). Malawer 73-74.

• Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (S. Ct. 2006). Malawer 75-79.

• Boumediene v. Bush (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.] Malawer 80-91.

• Munaf  v. Geren (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.] Malawer 92-97.

• Ashcroft v. Iqbal (S. Ct. 2009).

                                ..............................................................

                                        -- Legislation --

• *Detainee Treatment Act (2005). Malawer 145 - 155..

• *Military Commissions Act (2006). Malawer 156 - 168.

•    Military Commissions Act (2006). Malawer 156-168.

• *War Crimes Act of 1996.

• *Torture Act (1994) (U.N. Torture Convention).

•   Military Jurisdiction Extraterritorial Act (2000). 

• "Extraterritoriality & U.S. Criminal Law." (CRS 2006).

                    -- General -- Bush Administration & Obama Administration  --

• * Harold Koh (Legal Adviser to the Dept. of State & former Yale Law School Dean), "Obama Administration & International Law." American Society of International Law (March 2010).

• *Yoo Memo (Part 1) (Part 2) (USDOJ 2003), Malawer 487- 509. 

• *Haynes Letter -- International Law & Geneva Convention (DOD 2006). Malawer 540 - 546.

• * Mukasey, "Supreme Court & Terrorism -- Supreme Court Cases (USDOJ 2008). Malawer 510 - 522.

• * Chertoff, "Sovereignty Under International Law." Foreign Affairs (Jan.  / Feb. 2009).

                              -- General --

• "Broken Laws, Broken Lives." (Physicians for Human Rights 2008). (Report).

• "Rendition & Law of Torture." (CRS 2005). 

• "Next Supreme Court Case -- Bagram Air Base (Afghanistan)." Washington Post (6.29.08).

                                        -- Treaties --

• *Geneva Conventions. (Int'l  Red Cross / Int'l Humanitarian Law). Malawer 284-318.
• *"U.N. Convention on Torture." Malawer 319-341.
• "The Geneva Convention Against Torture &  U.S. Implementation." (CRS 2006).
• International Criminal Court (Treaty of Rome). Malawer 394-416.

                                      -- Updates --

•  * "Letter of CIA Chiefs to Stop USDOJ Investigations." (Sept. 18, 2009) New York Times (9.19.09).
• "Administration Won't Seek New Detention System (Habeas Corpus Relief)." Washington Post (9.24.09).
• * "Law and Order -- Criminal Prosecution for Detainee Torture." NBC TV (Sept. 25, 2009). (Video segment in class.)
  • Outline of Statements -- Memos from the Dark Side.
• "New State Secrets Policies Established by Dept. of Justice." USDOJ (9.23.09); Editorial (Need Legislation), New York Times (9.29.09).  
• Mukasey, "No Civilian Courts for Detainee Trials." Wall Street Journal (10.19.09). 
• "New Supreme Court Detainee Case -- Uighurs." New York Times (10.20.09).
• "War Crimes -- International Criminal Court." Wall Street Journal (11.27.09).
•  "Restoring Access to the Courts." New York Times (December 22, 2009) (qualified immunity and plausibility in pleading);  Ashcroft v. Iqbal (S. Ct. 2009).
• "Yes, It was Torture, and Illegal." New York Times (Jan. 4, 2010) (S. Ct. denial of writ for 2d Cir dismissal).

 

• Class Six  --  Use of  Force-- Law & Public Policy. 

  • *"Who Declares War?" (Yoo & Wills), New York Times (January 24, 2010).
  • *War Powers Resolution (1973). Malawer 218-227.
  • *Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964). Malawer 228.
  • *Afghanistan Resolution (AUMF) (2001). Malawer 135.
  •  *Iraq Resolution (2002). Malawer 129-134.

  • "Do New Wars Call for New Laws?" (Cornell 2005).
  • "Legal Aspects of the Use of Force." (CRS 2001).
  • "Authorization of Use of Military Force in Response to 9/11 Attacks." (CRS 2006).
  • "Declarations of War & Authorizations for the Use of Force." (CRS 2006). Malawer 578 - 594.
  • "War Powers Issue and Presidential Compliance." (GAO 2004).
  • Some Treaties:
    • U.N. Charter. Malawer 364-373.
    • NATO. Malawer 374-379.
    • OAS Charter.  Malawer 380-388.
  • Update --  
    • *"War Powers -- Miller Center Report (Baker & Christopher)." (2008). Malawer 858 - 866.
    • "National War Powers Commission." (University of Virginia) (website).
    • * "Obama's Nobel Prize Speech ('Just War')." White House (Press Release 12.10.09)

    -- Homeland Security & Use of Military --

  • Flynn, "Home Front Security." Foreign Affairs (Sept. / Oct. 2004).
  • *"Posse Comitatus Act. "Posse Comitatus Act (1878). Malawer 137.
  • "Federal Stafford Act." (CRS 2005).
  •  "Use of Federal Troops for Disaster Assistance -- Legal Issues." (CRS Sept. 2005). 

  

                                         Washington Post (12.22.09)

• Class Seven --    Team Presentations (Selected Issue).
• Class Eight   --    Team Presentations (Selected Issue).

• Class Nine --                Mid-Term.

• Class Ten -- Export Controls, Global Mergers, Trade Sanctions & Foreign Investment. 

  • Trade, Economics and National Security.
    • National Economic Strategy -- Trade (White House 2006).  Malawer 770 -777.
    • Trade & Freedom (USTR 2008). Malawer 828 - 837.

  • Direct Investment & National Security.
    • Committee on Foreign Investment into the U.S. (CFIUS) & Exon-Florio (Treasury Website).
    • * Malawer, "National Security & Global Mergers." (VSB 2006). Malawer 618 - 631
    • * Malawer, "Global Mergers & National Security." (2009) (PowerPoint)

       

    • "CFIUS & National Security." (CRS 2006).
    • "National Security Review & Foreign Takeovers." (GAO March 2007).
    • "National Security Reviews of Foreign Acquisitions." (GAO Report 2007).
    • "Foreign Investment National Security Act (2007)." Malawer 169-181.

     

  • Trade Sanctions, Export Controls & National Security. 
    • * Malawer, "U.S. Law & Global Trade." ("Reexports" -- Slides 12-16) (2009) (PowerPoint).
    • * Malawer, "U.S. Law & Global Trade." ("Trade Sanctions" -- Slides 38-44) (2009) (PowerPoint)
    • Basics of Export Controls. (BIS) (2005).  
    • "U.S Export Controls Post 9/11" (GAO 2006).
    •  "Trade Sanctions Reconsidered." (3d ed. Petersen Institute, 2008).
    • Economic Espionage Act (1996). Malawer 182 - 187.
    •   Iranian Trade Sanctions (GAO Report, January 2008).  
    • Update:
      • "Credit Suisse Agrees to Forfeit $536 Million for Violation of IEEPA."  USDOJ News (12.16.09).
     
    • Some Statutes:
      • International Economics Emergency Act. Malawer 188-194.
      • Trading with the Enemy Act. Malawer 195-197.
      • Exports Controls. Malawer 198-204.
      • Arms Export Control Law. Malawer 205-208.

     

  • Economics, Espionage, Sovereign Wealth Funds & National Security.
    • "Espionage Plea Involving China." (USDOJ Press Release -- March 31, 2008).
    • "Chinese Economic Espionage." Washington Post (2.15.08).
    • "SWF-- Courting Wealth of Nations." New York Times (4.4.08).

   

• Class Eleven --  National Security -- Institutions, Surveillance, Financial Intelligence & Cybersecurity.

                    -- Some Websites: National Security Institutions -- 

  • National Security Division (USDOJ). Malawer 991.
  • National Security Council. Malawer 1054 - 1066.
  • National Security Branch (FBI). Malawer 1067 - 1078.
  • Intelligence Community. Malawer 1096 - 1103.
  • National Security Agency. (NSA).
  • National Reconnaissance Office. (NRO). Malawer 1095.
  • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

                      --   General:  National Security Institutions --

  • * "Legal Authorities for NSA." (USDOJ 2006). Malawer 523-539.
  •  National Security -- Title 50 U.S. Code, Ch. 15 (2005).
  • National Security Division (Dept. of Justice). Malawer 991-1000.
  • National Security Council" (White House). Malawer 1051-1066.
  • U.S. Government Links -- National Security.
  • Dept. of Justice, FBI, National Security Programs.
  • "New US Dept. of Justice FBI Guidelines." (USDOJ 10.3.08). Malawer 916.
  • "New US Dept. of Justice FBI Guidelines -- Memo of Attorney General." (USDOJ 10.3.08).

                                      -- FOIA, Classified Information & Surveillance --

  • * NSA Wiretap Program (NYU 2007) (surveillance, information gathering, domestic and foreign -- "Wall between criminal and foreign intelligence, 4th Amendment).
  • * Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) (1978). Malawer 208-217.
  • * DOJ Guide to FOIA. Malawer 1001- 1029.
  • Freedom of Information Act. 
  • "Litigation of FOIA & Patriot Act." (EPIC 2005). 
  • "National Security Letters." (ACLU 2005).
  • "DOJ Legal Support of NSA Surveillance." (DOJ Report 1.19.06).
  • "President's Authority, Wireless Wiretaps & Foreign Intelligence." (CRS 2006).
  • "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance  Act." (CRS 2006). 
  • Update: 
    • "Patriot Act Renewal Fight." New York Times (Sept. 20, 2009).
    • "Supreme Court, Abuse Photos & FOIA." New York Times (Editorial 12.5.09).
    • "Obama Curbs Secrecy of Classified Documents." New York Times (12.30.09); Executive Order - Classified National Security Information (December 29, 2009); Presidential Memo on Classified National Security Information (12.29.09).

                                          -- Financing & Terrorism -- 

  • U.S. Government Links (Terrorism)
  • U.N. Links (Terrorism).
  •   Terrorism & Financial Intelligence (Treasury Dept.)
  • Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC). (Treasury Dept.). 
  • Terrorist Asset Report (2006). Malawer 867-887
  • Office of Terrorist Financing. (Treasury Dept.)
  • Money Laundering & National Strategy (GAO 2003).

                     

                                   - Cybersecurity --

  • Cyberattacks on Georgia. Malawer 1145
  • * Malawer, Cyberwarfare -- Law & Policy," and PPt ( 2009).
  • * "National Security Speech by President Obama at the National Archives (May 21, 2009) ."  
  • * Video of News Conference 5.29.2009 (technology, law, surveillance  and cyberattacks).
  • *"The Age of Cyberwarfare." (McAfee Report, Nov. 2009).
  • Cyberspace Security Review (May 2009).
  • Securing Cyberspace for the 44th President." (Georgetown CSIS 2008).
  • "China & Cyberspace." Washington Post (11.11.09).
  • "FBI Suspects Terrorists are exploring Cyberattacks." Wall Street Journal (11.18.09) (non-state actors -- al Qaeda) .
  • *"U.S. - Russia Cyberwarfare Negotiations." New York Times (12.13.09)."
  • Prioritizing U.S. Cybersecurity." (Council on Foreign Relations 12.28.09).
  • "Securing the Information Highway -- Enhancing the U.S. Electronic Defenses." Foreign Affairs (Non. / Dec. 2009).
  • "Pentagon Computer-Network Defense Command." Washington Post (Jan. 3, 2010).
  • "Google & China & Cyberwarfare." Wall Street Journal (1.14.10) (censorship, intelligence and commercial advantage).

                                                        

• Class Twelve  -- Domestic Civil Litigation and National Security --  Terrorism /  Torture Liability &  Liability of Government Contractors. 

  • Alien Tort Claims Act (1789). Malawer 138. 
  • 1996 Anti-Terrorism Amendments to the FSIA [(1605(a)(7)]. 
  • 2002 Antiterrorism Act (2333 & 2338) Torture Victims Protection Act of 1991. 
  • "State Secrets Protection Act & Law Suits." Washington Post (May 11, 2009). Malawer 1137 (earlier Senate bill).
  • * U.S. Code --  Part 1, Ch. 113B : "Terrorism."
    • § 2332B -- "Terrorism Transcending National Boundaries." (Criminal Offense).
    • § 2333    --  "Civil Remedies -- U.S. Nationals & International Terrorism." (Civil Action).
    • § 2337    --  "Suits Against Government Officials."
    • § 2339C -- "Financing Terrorism."
  • 18 U.S. Code § 1992 -- "Terrorist Attacks (Railroads)." 

     

  •   "Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism." (CRS April 2005).  Malawer 748-755.
  •  *  Law Suits Against Terrorism (CRS 2008).
  •   "Private Security Contractors under Domestic & International Law." (ASIL 12.26.07).
  • * "Assistance for U.S. Victims of Overseas Terrorism." (USDOJ website).
  • "New US Dept. of Justice FBI Guidelines -- Memo of Attorney General." (USDOJ 9.29.08). Malawer 916-924. 
  • "Private Contractor Liability Stripped under SOFA." New York Times (12.01.08).

                        Note -- Litigation Update (Range of  Criminal and Civil Litigation).

• *Terrorist Trial Report Card 2001 - 2009. (NYU 2009).
• Review of  J. Moore, Civil Litigation Against Terrorism." (2004) (private litigation as complementary to foreign policy).
• "Lautenberg Amendment -- Victims & Terrorist Assets." New York Times (4.22.08).
• *"Private Litigation & Torture Memos." New York Times (March 7, 2009); "Litigation -- Bush Lawyers & Terror War." New York Times (3.9.09).
• "New Dept. of Justice Investigation / Possible Prosecution of Abuse Cases." New York Times Online (8.25.09).
• *"Maher Arar Case Rejected by 2d Circuit (Extraordinary Rendition)." Mail & Globe (11.3.09). (Full court decision)  (Edited decision).

Note -- Extraterritoriality & Government Contractors. 

• Military Jurisdiction Extraterritorial Act (2000).

•  "Private Security Contractors under Domestic & International Law." (ASIL 12.26.07).

•   Private Sector Contractors -- Exemption from DOJ Reporting." New York Times (4.27.08).

                         Update -- Terrorism , Torture & Litigation.

• *"Attorney General Announces Trial of Detainees in New York." USDOJ News (11.13.09).  Editorial -- "A Return to American Justice." New York Times (11.14.09). "Detainees to be Tried in Federal Courts." New York Times (11.14.09) .("Federal courts or Military commissions," indefinite detention). "Holder's Reasonable Decision." Washington Post (11.20.09)
•  "Trial for Jihad." New York Times (11.18.09) (terrorism as a "law enforcement issue" or a "war issue").
• * Obama's Executive Orders (2009): Closure of the prison at Guantanamo Bay ; Prohibited the Use of Torture.
• * "Terrorism & National Security -- Trends & Issues." (CRS 2006).
• "Civil Suits Against Palestinian & War Against Terrorism." Washington Post (2.12.08).
•  * "Restoring Access to the Courts." New York Times (December 22, 2009) (qualified immunity and plausibility in pleading);  Ashcroft v. Iqbal (S. Ct. 2009).
• Samantar v. Yousuf (S. Ct. 2010)

• Class Thirteen  --      Team Presentations (Selected Statute).  
• Class Fourteen  --      Team Presentations (Selected Statute). 

           Scorecard: Legality of  the Bush Administration's National Security Policies (Spring 2008).

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