Dr. Malawer ........... Spring 2008 .............. National Security Law ...... Dr. Malawer ........... Spring 2008  .............. National Security Law .........Dr. Malawer ........... Spring 2008 .............. National Security Law ......... Dr. Malawer ........... Spring 2008  .............. National Security Law ........                                      

                                        [ Website for course is at www.NationalSecurityLaw.net -- Click for Home Page ]

                                         "National Security Law -- Law & Policy Issues" -- Dr. Stuart Malawer.

                                                                           (Spring 2008) 

                                                                            ASSIGNMENTS -- CLASS SCHEDULE.

[Assignments are from the casebook and document book -- Moore & Turner, National Security Law (2005) and from Moore & Turner,  National Security Law Documents 2006]

• Class One -- Introduction to National Security Studies -- Law & Public Policy.
  • "Teaching National Security Law." (2005)
  • Chapter 11 -- "American National Security Strategy -- An Overview."
  • Princeton National Security Report 6-32, 58-60 (2006).
    • "Landmarks. " 1-10.  Princeton Project on National Security -- Working Papers (2006).
      • See Generally, Princeton Project on National Security -- Working Papers. (2006). 
  • Doc. 5.1 -- "National Security Act."
  • "Waiving Goodbye to Hegemony." New York Times (1.28.08).
  • * Note -- Malawer, Summary of National Security Statutes. (2008).

   

• Class Two -- Constitutional Framework -- Separation of Powers & Foreign Affairs.
  • Chapter 16 -- "Constitutional Framework -- Division of National Security Powers (Role of  Congress & Courts)"
    • Political Question & Standing.
  • * Note: Malawer, Edited -- U.S. Constitution.
  • Cases:
    • *United States v. Curtis-Wright Export Corp. (S. Ct. 1936). ("Separation of Powers ... "Delegation of Authority ... Foreign / Domestic Powers.... Role of Executive ...'One Voice' ").
    • *Youngstown Case (S. Ct. 1952) (delegation of authority & categories of executive action).
    • *Consumers Union v. Kissinger (DC. Cir. 1974). ("Separation of Powers .... Congressional Authority .... Delegation of Legislative Power.... Executive Action ....Voluntary Restraint Arrangements").
    • Update -- "Homeland Security -- Border Fence -- Delegation. of Authority." New York Times (4.8.08) ("suspension of laws" to DHS).
   

   

• Class Three --  Constitutional Framework -- Federalism, Treaties  & International Law.   

• Holocaust Claims Case. (S. Ct. 2003).  ("Federalism ... Implied Preemption") (Article VI "Supremacy Clause").
• Burma Trade Sanctions Case (S. Ct. 2000).  ("Federalism ... Implied Preemption"). 
  • Update -- "State Divestment Laws & Terrorism." (WSJ 4.15.08).
• Wash. State Tanker Case  (S. Ct. 2000).  ("Federalism ... Preemption").
• Japan Line, Ltd.  v. County of Los Angeles (S. Ct. 1979).  ("Federalism ... Foreign Commerce Clause ... County Taxation").
• Chapter 18 -- "Treaties & International Agreements." 
• Customary international law
  • Paquette Habana 175 U.S. 677 (1900) (customary international law as law of the land).
  • Filartiga v. Pena-Irala (2d Cir. 1980) (customary international law & torture).
• Treaties as Supreme Law ...  Mo. v. Holland (S. Ct. 1920).
• Supreme Court  -- Detainees:

• Rasul v. Bush (S. Ct. June 2004).

• Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. (S. Ct. June 2004).

• Rumsfeld v. Padilla. (S. Ct. June 2004).

• Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (S. Ct. 2006).

• Boumediene v. Bush (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.]

• Munaf  v. Geren (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.]

• *"Summary of Six  S. Ct. Cases." (Malawer).

• Note --

  • "Extraterritoriality & U.S. Criminal Law." (CRS 2006).

• Update --

           The Supreme Court ruled that the ICJ judgment (Avena) under the Statute of  the ICJ (Article 36) and Article 1(Compulsory Jurisdiction) Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) did not become domestic law within the U.S. This is because the Optional Protocol is non-self-executing. Congress needs to enact implementing legislation. The President does not have law-making authority to declare a treaty binding on states.  His actions fall within Justice Jackson's third category -- a Presidential action is invalid when it is contra to Congressional intent.  (The intent is inferred from Congressional inaction to passage of implementing legislation.) This is the situation even thought the U.S. might be in violation of its international obligations due to the operation of the principles of  separation of powers and federalism. This case involves issues of foreign policy, international relations and international law. "Justices Rule Against Bush on Death Penalty Case."  New York Times (March 25, 2008). Medellin v. Texas (Opinion of the S. Ct. , Syllabus, March 25, 2008). Medellin v. Texas (2008) (Edited).

•  
  • Recent developments: 

  •   U.S. Supreme Court & International Law.
    • "International Law,  Foreign Law & the Supreme Court." (Speech by Attorney General Gonzales, U.S. Dept. of Justice, November 9, 2005).
    •   “Citing Foreign Law.” Washington Post (3.21.06) (not international law).
  • President & International Law.
    • Newer arguments concerning the President and international law in the Bush Administration. "Law & Foreign Policy -- John Yoo." Wall Street Journal (9.13.05).
    •  "John Yoo -- Series of Administration Memos on Torture, Executive Power & Wiretapping." (New York Times  (12.23. 2005).
    • "Jack Goldsmith -- Conscience of a Conservative." New York Times Magazine (9.9.07).
  • Update -- 
    • "For Justice, Another Day on Detainees." New York Times (12.03.07).
    • "New Case to be Decided by S. Ct. -- U.S. Citizens Held in Iraq." Washington Post (12.08.07).
    • "Three International Cases Pending Before S. Ct."  Wall Street Journal (1.07.08).

• Class Four  --  Use of  Force. 
  • Chapter 4  "Use of Force & International Relations. ("Anticipatory Self-Defense"; "War Against Terrorism")
  • Chapter 17 -- "Authority of Congress & President  to Use Military Force."
  • Doc. 2.3   -- "U.N. Charter." (Article 2[4] and Article 51). 
  • Doc. 5.30 -- "War Powers Resolution ". (1973).
  • Doc. 5.34 -- "Use of Military Force against Iraq (1991)."
  • Doc. 5.35 -- "Iraq Liberation Act (1998)."
  • Doc. 5.36 -- "Use of Military Force against Terrorists 9/11." (2001).
  • Doc. 5.37 -- "Use of Military Force against Iraq (2002)."
    • "Do New Wars Call for New Laws?" (Cornell 2005).
    • War Powers Resolution (1973). 
    • "Legal Aspects of the Use of Force." (CRS 2001).
    • "Authorization of Use of Military Force in Response to 9/11 Attacks." (CRS 2006).
    • "Declarations of War & Authorizations for the Use of Force." (CRS 2006).
    • "War Powers Issue and Presidential Compliance." (GAO 2004).
    • Update -- "Executive Power & National Security & Civil Liberties":
      • "Wartime Powers & the President -- Congressional Hearings." Wall Street Journal (December 6, 2006).
      • "Preventive Force."  Princeton Working Paper (2006).
    • * "War Powers -- Miller Center Report (Baker & Christopher)." (2008).

• Class Five --   Team Presentations.
• Class Six   --   Team Presentations.
• Class Seven -- Mid-Term.

• Class Eight  -- Homeland Security -- Information & Infrastructure -- Emergency Preparedness.

• Chapter 31 -- "Homeland Security."
  • Flynn, "Home Front Security." Foreign Affairs (Sept. / Oct. 2004).
  • U.S.A. Patriot Act (2001).
  • "Patriot Act Reauthorization in Brief." (GAO 2005).
  • "Libraries & Patriot Act." (CRS Aug. 2005).
• Chapter 29 -- "Information Warfare & Critical Infrastructure."
• Chapter 30 --  "Federal Emergency Preparedness."
• Doc. 6.6 -- "Posse Comitatus Act. "Posse Comitatus Act (1878).
• Doc. 5.68 -- "Stafford Disaster Relief & Emergency Assistance Act."
  • "Federal Stafford Act." (CRS 2005).

•   Insurrection Act -- Title 10 U.S. Code, Ch. 15, Sec.  331-336.

• "Use of Federal Troops for Disaster Assistance -- Legal Issues." (CRS Sept. 2005). 

• Class Nine --  National Security -- Information,  Freedom of  Expression & Financing Terrorism .
  • Chapter 22 -- "Access to National Security Information."
  • Chapter 23 -- "Freedom of Expression." 
  • Chapter 24 -- National Security & Fourth Amendment.
  • Chapter 9   -- "Control of International Terrorism."
  • Chapter 21 -- "Domestic Terrorism."
  • Doc. 2.58 -- "Convention on Financing Terrorism."
  • Doc. 5.8 --   "USA Patriot Act."
  • Doc. 5.41 -- "Freedom of Information Act."
  • Doc. 542  --  "Privacy Act."
  • Doc. 5.43 -- "Government in Sunshine Act."
  • Doc. 5.44 -- "Classified Information Procedures Act."
  • Doc. 5.53 -- "Foreign Intelligence Act (FISA)."
  • Additional: 
    • Freedom of Information Act. 
    • DOJ Guide to FOIA.
    • "Litigation of FOIA & Patriot Act." (EPIC 2005). 
    • "National Security Letters." (ACLU 2005).
    • "DOJ Legal Support of NSA Surveillance." (DOJ Report 1.19.06).
    • "President's Authority, Wireless Wiretaps & Foreign Intelligence." (CRS 2006).
    • "Rendition & Law of Torture." (CRS 2005).
    • "Foreign Intelligence Surveillance  Act." (CRS 2006). 
    • * Terrorism & Financial Intelligence (Treasury Dept.)
      • U.S. Government Links (Terrorism)
      • Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC). (Treasury Dept.).
      • Office of Terrorist Financing. (Treasury Dept.)
      • Money Laundering & National Strategy (GAO 2003).
      • U.N. Links (Terrorism).
    • Updates:
      •   * "Military Analyst, Role of DOD & TV Analysis." New York Times (4.20.08).
      • "Foreign Law & First Amendment -- Public Debate on International Terrorism." Wall Street Journal (4.30.08).
      • * "FISA Amendments Act 2008 -- Fact Sheet." Wall Street Journal (6.20.08);  'Editorial," Washington Post (June 20, 2008); "Domestic Spy Powers." Wall Street Journal (6.20.08).
      • " EU - U.S. Private Data Agreement Near." (New York Times 6.28.08) (concerning fight against transnational terrorism and crime).
   

• Class Ten  -- Critical Infrastructure, Global Trade Sanctions & Foreign Investment. 
  • Chapter 28 -- "Dual-Use Export Controls."
  • Doc. 5.65 -- "Int'l Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA)."
  • Doc. 5.69 -- "Trading with the Enemy Act."
  • Doc. 5.70 -- "Export Administration Act."
  • Additional:
    • Direct Investment & National Security.
      • * Committee on Foreign Investment into the U.S. (CFIUS) & Exon-Florio (Treasury Website).
      • Malawer, "National Security & Global Mergers." (VSB 2006).
      • *"CFIUS & National Security." (CRS 2006).
      • "FDI & National Security." (Graham and Marchick) (Peterson Institute 2006).
      • * "National Security Review & Foreign Takeovers." (GAO March 2007).
      • "National Security Reviews of Foreign Acquisitions." (GAO Report 2007).
      • * "Foreign Investment National Security Act (2007)." 
      • Update: "Mergers (1998-2008)." (NYT 4.4.08); "New Proposed CFIUS Rules." Washington Post (4.22.08).
    • Trade Sanctions, Export Controls & National Security. 
      • Basics of Export Controls. (BIS) (2005).  
        • "U.S Export Controls Post 9/11" (GAO 2006).
      • * Malawer, "U.S. Law & Global Trade." ("Reexports" -- Slides 12-16) (2008) (PowerPoint)
      • Economic Espionage Act (1996).
      • * Malawer, "U.S. Law & Global Trade." ("Trade Sanctions" -- Slides 38-43) (2008) (PowerPoint)
      •  Iranian Trade Sanctions (GAO Report, January 2008).  
      • Update -- * Export Controls & UAE (NYT 2008); "Supreme Court -- New Case -- Antidumping & National Security." Washington Post (4.22.08).
      • "Trade Sanctions Reconsidered." (3d ed. Petersen Institute, 2008)
    • Economics, Espionage, Sovereign Wealth Funds & National Security.
      • "Chinese Economic Espionage." Washington Post (2.15.08).
      • "Espionage Plea Involving China." (USDOJ Press Release -- March 31, 2008).
      • "Sovereign Wealth Funds and CFIUS / FINSA. " (Deputy USTR Speech 2.26.08)
      • "SWF-- Courting Wealth of Nations." New York Times (4.4.08).

• Class Eleven  -- Team Presentations.  

• Class Twelve --  Team Presentations. 

• Class Thirteen -- Military Tribunals,  Torture & Counterterrorism, 
  • Chapter 8  -- "War Crimes & Tribunals."
  • Chapter 19 -- "National Security Process."
  • Chapter 20 -- "Intelligence & Counterintelligence."
    • Doc. 4.10 -- "Convention Against Torture."
    • Doc. 4.12 -- "Torture Victim Prevention Act."
  • Update -- 
    • ** "Torture Memo #2." Washington Post (4.2.08); Torture Memo (Pt. 1) (Pt.2); "Permissible Assaults." Washington Post (April 6, 2008); "Counterterrorism, Laws & Constitution." Washington Post (4.6.08).
    • * "Torture Sessions -- Editorial." New York Times (4.20.08); "Six Letters to the Editors in Response to Editorial." New York Times (4.23.08).
    • * "No Crime by Authors of Memos." Wall Street Journal (4.25.08).

                  

    • Military Jurisdiction Extraterritorial Act (2000).
    • Detainee Treatment Act (2005).
    • Military Commissions Act (2006). 
    • Protect America Act 2007.

     

    • * U.N. Convention Against Torture.
    • *Geneva Conventions. (Int'l  Red Cross / Int'l Humanitarian Law).
    • "The Geneva Convention Against Torture &  U.S. Implementation." (CRS 2006).

     

    • "Amnesty International Annual Report -- United States." (2007).
    • *Geneva Conventions. (Int'l  Red Cross / Int'l Humanitarian Law).
    • "Terrorists & Military Commissions." (GAO 2001). 
    • *"Broken Laws, Broken Lives." (Physicians for Human Rights 2008). (Report)
    • Update -- New Supreme Court Cases (2008) -- Extraterritoriality of the Constitution & Detainee Rights.

      • * Boumediene v. Bush (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.]

      • * Munaf  v. Geren (S. Ct. 2008). [Edited case.]

      • "Next Supreme Court Case -- Bagram Air Base (Afghanistan)." Washington Post (6.29.08).

                                            Wall Street Journal  (6.26.08)

• Class Fourteen   -- Civil Litigation and National Security -- Litigation, Terrorism, Liability of Government Contractors & Gov't  Officials. 
  •   "Lawsuits Against State Supporters of Terrorism." (CRS April 2005).**
  • "Secret Endorsement of Torture." New York Times (10.4.07).
  •  *"Blackwater & Lawlessness." Financial Times (10.4.07).

            Note -- 

  • * Review of  J. Moore, Civil Litigation Against Terrorism." (2004).
  • * "Lautenberg Amendment -- Victims & Terrorist Assets." New York Times (4.22.08).

Note -- Extraterritoriality & Government Contractors. 

• Military Jurisdiction Extraterritorial Act (2000).

• "Potential CIA Liability for Torture." New York Times (9.16.06).

• "New Law & Military Trials for Contractors." Washington Post (1/16/07).

• ** "Private Security Contractors under Domestic & International Law." (ASIL 12.26.07).

• * Update -- Private Sector Contractors -- Exemption from DOJ Reporting." New York Times (4.27.08).

• "Terrorism & National Security -- Trends & Issues." (CRS 2006).
• "Contractor Fraud in Iraq -- Custer Battles." Washington Post (Feb. 9, 2007).
• "Contractors -- Legal Loopholes in Iraq-- Editorial."  New York Times (11.05.07).
• * "Military Bill Veto & Private Suits Against Iraq." New York Times (12.29.07).
• "Civil Suits Against Palestinian & War Against Terrorism." Washington Post (2.12.08).
• "National Security & Law Suits -- State Secrets Protection Act." Washington Post (3.6.08).
• "Iraqi Sues U.S. Contractors (CACI)  in U.S. Court for Torture in Iraq." Wall Street Journal (5.5.08).
• "Assistance for U.S. Victims of Overseas Terrorism." (USDOJ)

 

                            Scorecard: Legality of  the Bush Administration's National Security Policies.

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